What leads young people to make such a choice?
In Italy, the decision not to have children is increasingly common among young people, and this trend continues to grow. According to ISTAT data, in 2023 the fertility rate dropped to 1.25 children per woman, well below the replacement threshold of 2.1 children needed for generational renewal. A survey conducted in 2020 revealed that around 30% of young Italians aged 18 to 35 do not wish to become parents, marking a significant increase compared to the past. There are several key reasons behind this choice. Economic difficulties are one of the main factors. More than 40% of young Italians work with temporary contracts, often with low pay, and many struggle to achieve the financial stability needed to raise a family. The increasing job insecurity and high cost of living make it increasingly difficult to envision a stable future with children. Another major reason is the uncertainty about the future, both in environmental and socio- political terms. Global challenges, such as climate change, the energy crisis, and geopolitical tensions, create a sense of anxiety about the future, making parenthood less appealing. According to a survey by the Cariplo Foundation, 55% of young people are concerned about the planet’s future and prefer to focus on personal well-being rather than family projects. Moreover, the shift in social values has made personal fulfillment a higher priority. 47% of young people surveyed in a Censis report stated that their personal and professional growth is more important than having children. The idea of an independent life without family obligations is becoming increasingly popular. Lastly, the inefficiency of family support systems in Italy plays a crucial role. Despite policies like baby bonuses and parental leave, many young people perceive these supports as insufficient. Italy continues to be one of the European countries with the fewest resources dedicated to family support services, such as daycare centres and financial aid for parents. In response to this trend, experts suggest that public policies must evolve to offer greater economic stability and job security for young people, as well as improve family services. Promoting work-life balance policies would be a crucial step in making parenthood more sustainable and appealing to new generations.
By Roveto Vittoria
Classe III D Liceo Scientifico